Prison System Rehabilitation And Self Growth - 1217 Words

Today’s prison system is riddled with problems, filled with corruption, crime, and little to no programs for rehabilitation. The current goal of the owners and operators of the prisons is to punish prisoners and to make as much money as possible. The welfare of the people locked in cages is not accounted for as much as it should be— safety, physical, and mental health of the inmates is should be prioritized over money and self-interest. Prison should be about rehabilitation, acknowledging the mistakes a person has made, and accepting the consequences of their actions. It should not be about dehumanization, judgment, and punishment. Therefore, I have developed a prison system based on these principles that will help people move on with†¦show more content†¦Keeping people locked away by themselves for extended periods of time can lead to mental insanity; and no social interaction is dangerous for the well being of humans. Solitary confinement is a barbaric way to punish someone—it is a legal way to torture people. The removal of solitary confinement would be the first strep in a more effective incarceration system. There are other, more effective ways to enforce rules other than throwing a person in a dark hole for days or weeks or even months on end. In order to get rid of solitary confinement, there has to be another system of punishment that is not as cruel but still gets the point across. I wanted to create a system of positive reinforcement and negative punishment among our system of incarceration. The more the inmates follow the rules and listen to the guards, the easier their lives are in prison. They can gain privileges such as extra phone time, extended visiting hours, priority on jobs, the ability to wear clothing of their choice, etc. for good behavior. For breaking the rules, their privileges can be taken away from them. They will not be allowed to see their family members, use the phone, etc. until the exhibit a change i n behavior and follow the rules. They will also have mandatory work added to their schedules or mandatory therapy sessions. However, the prisoners will feel more compelled to follow the rules if they are rewarded for their good behavior and they will not want to lose their

Employee Decision Making, Training And Performance...

Running Head: HPWP HPWP [Author’s Name] [Institution’s Name] The world has turned into a global village, which has increased the level of competition among companies and every company wants to be at the top of their game. This competition has led to companies using High Performance Work Practices (HPWP), because they increase productivity, operations, as well as performance. Human resources within an organization are expensive and important; this is the reason why many strategies are developed to handle them because they impact the operations of a company. The proper definition of HPWP is the involvement and participation of employees, employers and managers, where they communicate and form a trust.There are different elements†¦show more content†¦According to researchers, there are different bundles of HPWP in every organization; they include the three elements mentioned above, but they also include working teams that are self managed, total quality management, and a learning organization. A company may n ot just adopt one package, but would go for different packages, depending on the need of employees and their own convenience. The first factor is employee participation in the decision making process; employees feel valued when the company’s administration involves them in the decision making process. These decisions could be about day to day activities, or they could be major decisions which impact the organization significantly. This doesn’t mean that the administration of the organization would seek an opinion from every employee of the company, it simply means that the department or the employee relevant to the matter, would be included in the decision making process, so that the outcome would be effective. The second factor is self-managed teams, where employees make their own teams,choose their own team leader and set their own goals. This way, the team feels more responsible for the task assigned to them and they get the opportunity to share their ideas and knowledge with their colleagues. Self-managed teams also make their own decisions, which eliminates the traditional concept of managers and directors of the company, making decisions for the employees. Self-managed teams are also

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND EXPANSION OF THE EUROPE Essay Example For Students

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND EXPANSION OF THE EUROPE Essay AN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND EXPANSION OF THE EUROPE EssayAN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SECURITY AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXPANSION OF THE EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM We are at risk. America depends on computers. They control power delivery, communications, aviation, and financial services. They are used to store vital information, from medical records to business plans, to criminal records. Although we trust them, they are vulnerable to the effects of poor design and insufficient quality control, to accident, and perhaps most alarmingly, to deliberate attack. While the countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are becoming more aware of the haves and have-nots within their own societies, there is a similar but much larger division between haves and have-nots on a global scale. Can ICTs help to close the gap? Howkins, John. Development and the Information Age, United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development, 1997. I. Introduction The origins Information Technology can be traced back to the first forms of spoken and written language. However, within the context of the 20th century, IT refers to the development and use of machines, whether they are computers, cameras, or indeed any electronic device, which produces, transmits, receives, deciphers, or in any other way, manipulates data. That data can be sound, text, numerical, or visual. Since the 1960s, the world has seen the rapid development of IT via the invention and miniaturization of the transistor, the computer, fiber-optic wire, and development of numerous programming languages that instruct these machines to perform their tasks. There has already been, and no doubt will be extensive discussion of the technical innovations and specific technologies that have emerged in the past few decades. However, far more important than the specific technologies is the manner in which governments, businesses, individuals and groups implement IT to achieve their respective goals. For this exercise, IT will be loosely defined as the amalgamation of technological resources that allows for the flow of information across time and space. This paper will analyze the role of IT in the expansion of the European international system. Specifically, the analysis will look at the effect of IT on international security and socio-economic development. Within the realm of international security, several concerns over the role of IT arise. First, what new risks are associated with the development of IT in terms of national security as well as international stability? Second, and conversely, can IT serve as a detriment to conflict? (Both of these questions also raise concerns over territorial sovereignty.) Third, what advantage, if any, does a nation with superior IT have in conflict/war? In terms of socio-economic development, the development of IT raises new concerns for the Western world as well as Less Developed Countries: What are the benefits and consequences of the development of IT for the developed countries and those for LDCs? Furthermore, what role has the development of IT played in expanding the European international system to LDCs, and what are its consequences? II. IT and Security Issues In a very real sense, the Information Superhighway has become the economic brace of many developed nations. While leading the world into the Information Age, developed nations have become uniquely dependent on that highwaythe computers and the global network that connect them together. .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d , .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .postImageUrl , .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d , .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d:hover , .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d:visited , .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d:active { border:0!important; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d:active , .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf88844a576741972060ef5ebde2c496d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social darwinsim history Essay This dependency has become a clear and compelling threat to their economic well being, their citizens public safety, and their national security for a number of reasons. The worlds communication networks, referred to by many as cyberspace, know no physical boundaries. Increasing connectivity to and through cyberspace increases any .

Studies on Entrepreneurship Development for Graduate in Maiduguri Borno State Implication for Counselling Strategies free essay sample

Studies on Entrepreneurship Development for Graduate in Maiduguri Borno State: Implication for Counselling Strategies By Umar Goni NCE, B. ED. M. ED. (Asst. Lecturer) Department of Education University of Maiduguri [emailprotected] com, Umara Mustapha NCE, B. A. ED. M. ED. (Chief Tutor) Department of Education University of Maiduguri and Ali Mburza B. A. ED. M. ED PhD Department of Education University of Maiduguri [emailprotected] com Abstract This is an empirical study designed to investigate entrepreneurship development for graduates in Maiduguri Borno State: Implications for counselling strategies. Four research objectives were set and four research questions were answered in this study. A survey method was employed, an instrument tagged Entrepreneurship Development Among Youths in Borno State Questionnaire (SEDAYQ) was developed and validated by the researchers, the questionnaire elicit information on youths ability and inability to become entrepreneurs. The questionnaire also elicit information on age, personal background, educational level, moral support, family background and personal experience in the area of interest, data were analyzed using frequency count nd percentages. We will write a custom essay sample on Studies on Entrepreneurship Development for Graduate in Maiduguri Borno State: Implication for Counselling Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The findings of study revealed types of entrepreneurship engaged by youths in Borno State, Causes of youths’ engagement in entrepreneurship, Government role in assisting entrepreneurs and Problems encountered by the graduates in entrepreneurship. Counselling strategies were also provided to graduates, government and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) on how to develop, assist and improve entrepreneurship among Borno State graduates and to become self reliant in the society. Key Words: Entrepreneurship, Development, Graduates Counselling Strategies Introduction The idea of Entrepreneurship is not new in Nigeria; it had existed even before the coming of the colonial masters. The prominence being gained by entrepreneurship in the present time is borne out of the need to address the octopus called unemployment which is facing our society; entrepreneurship is associated with different kinds of activities that have to do with the establishment of business enterprises. Such activities may include identification of investment opportunities, deciding what opportunities to exploit for profit, promotion and establishment of business enterprise. Others include pooling of various resources needed for production and distribution of goods and services, organization and management of human and materials resources for the attainment of the objectives of the enterprise, as well as risk bearing and innovation. Thus the effective performance of the above activities is very vital to start, growth and survival of any business enterprise. Entrepreneurship is a significant factor in the process of the economic development of any nation like Nigeria. Entrepreneurial development is meant to facilitate enterprise development and skill acquisition in order to reduce dependence on the existing employment market. It also entails the objective of motivating the individual to explore the possibility of exploiting the abundant resources in this country as entrepreneur. No wonder governments, nongovernmental organization, companies, humanitarians and individuals are now interested in empowering the people to create Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). This increased interest has been fostered by such factors in recognition that small firms play a major role in job creation and innovation as well as a vehicle for social and economic development and dependence on government (Ihekwoaba, 2007) There are two sources of funds to take up an entrepreneurship; they are internal and external sources. The internal source refers to the entrepreneur’s private sources such as personal saving and family and friend’s contributions. On the other hand, the external source refers to borrowed funds from the formal sector such as the wealthy individual, Banks, loan from cooperative societies, government investment cooperation and capital market. Entrepreneurship according to Chambers 20th Centaury Dictionary (1985), the root word to entrepreneurship is an undertaking. On the other hand, an ‘entrepreneur’ is referred to as the individual who undertakes an enterprise especially a commercial one often at a personal risk. Entrepreneurship according to Timmons (2006) is the process of bringing together creative and innovative ideas and coupling these with management, organization and skills in order to combine man, money machineries and other resources to meet an identified need thereby creating wealth. Hirsch and Peters (2005) sees entrepreneurship as the process of creating something new and with value by devoting the necessary time and effort, assuming the accompanying financial, physic and social risks and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence. From the above definition it can be inferred that entrepreneurship is an initiative, imagination, flexibility, creativity and the willingness to think conceptually and capacity to see change as an opportunity. Entrepreneurship therefore, involves the identification and exploitation of opportunities to innovate. Bridge, Neil Cromic (2003) postulated that entrepreneurship is the willingness and ability of an Individual or group of persons to search for investment opportunities, establish and run a business successfully. In other words, entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new business in response to identified opportunities. Statement of the Problem Nigerian school leavers have low achievement motivation and risk taking behaviour. They do not invest independently to achieve success in personally determined ventures; rather they roam about seeking for employment on already flourishing organizations. Graduates of Universities and indeed tertiary institutions loiter around for several years without setting up a business of their own. Today, not only graduates of tertiary institutions in Maiduguri foraged the State capital (Maiduguri) in search of employment, but graduates from other sister States all over the country. This makes it necessary to look into how this predicament will be reduced or completely eliminated. It is a well known fact that both local and State governments in Borno have not employed graduates of all categories in the State for long. Hence these unemployed graduates parade themselves in the State in search of unavailable white collar jobs. Objectives of the Study The objectives of this study were to determine the following: 1-Types of entrepreneurship engaged in by graduates in Borno State 2-Causes of youths’ engagement in entrepreneurship in Borno State 3-Government assistance to graduates entrepreneurs in Borno State 4-Problems encountered by graduate entrepreneurs in Borno State Research Questions The following questions were answered in this study: 1. What are the types of entrepreneurship engaged in by graduates in Borno State? 2. What are the causes of youths’ engagement in entrepreneurship in Borno State? 3. Does government provide assistance to graduate entrepreneurs in Borno State? . What are the problems encountered by graduate entrepreneurs in Borno State? Methodology A survey method was employed in this study, an instrument tagged Entrepreneurship Development Among Youths in Borno State Questionnaire (EDAYQ) was develop and validated by the researchers, the questionnaire elicit information on youths ability and inabi lity to become entrepreneurs. The questionnaire also elicits information on age, personal background, educational level, support, family background and personal experience in the area of interest. The target population for the study was the entire youths in Borno State. However, eight hundred and eighty nine were sampled for this study. Purposive and Volunteer sampling techniques were used to select the samples. Only youths who are graduates and were engaged in entrepreneurship and s have volunteered to fill in the questionnaire were used. Data was analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. Results and Discussion Research Question One: What are the types of entrepreneurship engaged in by graduates in Borno State? Table 1: Types of Entrepreneurship Engaged in by Youths in Borno State by Gender Types of EntrepreneurshipFrequencyMale PercentagesFemalePercentages Cap making and washing 39283. 4 111. 23 Petty trading 138647. 19 748. 32 Road side mechanics 10310311. 58 Driving 12612614. 17 Dying13050. 56 080. 89 Gold/black smithing16161. 79 Live stock/fish farming 41202. 24212. 36 Dry cleaning48485. 39 Barbing /hairdressing 80202. 24606. 79 Vulcanizing26262. 92 Food selling24040. 44 202. 24 Bricklaying 06060. 67 Key cutting 07070. 78 D. V. D plate sales/ recording03020. 22 010. 11 Recharge cards/news paper vending14101. 12 040. 44 Welding21212. 36 Table one shows the types of entrepreneurship engaged in by youths in Borno State. From the sixteen entrepreneurship programmes expressed by the respondents, it is evident to see that more males engage in driving and road side mechanics while the females engage in petty trading and hair dressing. It is also evident from the findings of this study that the entrepreneurships programmes are stereotype in nature this is because no female graduate participated in entrepreneurship programmes such as road side mechanics, driving, gold/black smithing dry cleaning, vulcanizing, bricklaying, key cutting and welding. These entrepreneurships are traditionally seen as male oriented occupations. Research Question Two: What are the causes of youths’ engagement in entrepreneurship in Borno State? Table 2: Causes of Youths’ Engagement in Entrepreneurship in Borno State Causes FrequencyMale PercentagesFemale Percentages Poverty 2921301. 6216218. 22 Unemployment 50835239. 5915617. 54 Pressure from parents 89232. 58667. 42 Table 2 revealed unemployment, poverty and pressure from parents as the reasons for the youths’ engagement in entrepreneurship programmes in Borno State. None of the respondents indicated personal interest in the programmes. This is an indication that the youths are forced by circumstances for engaging in the entrepreneurships. Research Question Three: Does government provide assistance to graduate entrepreneurs in Borno State? Table 3: Government Assistance to Graduate Entrepreneurs in Borno State Assistance FrequencyMale PercentagesFemale Percentages Provided 00 Not Provided 88950556. 80 38443. 19 Table three shows that out of the 889 (505 males and 384 females) youths that participated in this study none of them indicated that they have received any assistance from the government in establishing the entrepreneurship they engage in. This is unhealthy for youth development and national development. Research Question Four: What are the problems encountered by graduate entrepreneurs in Borno State? Table 4: Problems Encountered by Graduate Entrepreneurs in Borno State Problem FrequencyMale PercentagesFemale Percentages Lack of Capital40120122. 6120022. 49 Lack of Support112829. 22303. 37 Rent Problem31217619. 7913615. 29 Lack of Electricity 53455. 06080. 89 No Problem11010. 11101. 12% Table four shows that lack of capital, lack of support, rent problem and lack of electricity as the problems they face in running the entrepreneurship they have established. Only 11(1 male and 10 females) revealed that they had no problem in establishing their entrepreneurship. Counselling Strategies -Youths should be encouraged to establish small scale businesses which will make them self employed instead of waiting for white collar jobs which are not forth coming. This could be done through assisting the youths with soft loans. -Youths should also be encouraged through counselling to develop personal interest in entrepreneurship programmes not necessarily get involved only when they are pushed to the world by unemployment as was the case in this study. Governments at all levels should endeavour to assist youths who are interested in establishing their own businesses by subsidizing electricity and shop charges. The government official could be reached through workshop and seminars. Recommendations Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are made: 1. From the entrepreneurship programmes indicated by the youths in this study, it is evident that the youths’ exposure for entrepreneurship is too limited. Thus, they should be encouraged to explore more entrepreneurship programmes that would demand less capital to start. This could be done through mounting of campaigns on radio and television. 2. Government and Non governmental Organizations should assist youths with soft capital to establish their sown Business. 3. Borno State government should establish Entrepreneurship Board which should take charge of assisting youths with revolving capital to establish their own Business. 4. Government and private organizations should establish companies and industries where youths should be employed after graduation. References Bridge, S. O. Neil, K. Cromic, S. (2003). Understanding enterprise, Entrepreneurship and Small- Business. London: Palgrave Chambers 20th Century Dictionary (1985). England : Pearson Education Limited Hirsch, R. D. and Peters, M. P. (2005). Entrepreneurship, New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Ihekwoaba, M. (2007). Entrepreneurship in vocational technical education, Lagos: Mukugamu Brother Enterprises Timmons, J. (2006). What is entrepreneurship, Colinbus USA Retrieved from www. entre-ed. org 22nd August 2010.