Free Essays on Climate Change

Climate Change Over the past years most individuals have become acutely aware that the intensity of human and economic development enjoyed over the 20th century cannot be sustained. Material consumption and ever increasing populations are already stressing the earth’s ecosystems. How much more the earth can take remains a very heated issue. Here a look at the facts sheds some very dark light. In 1950, there were 2.5 billion people, while today there are 5.8 billion. There may well be 10 billion people on earth before the middle of the next century. Even more significant, on an ecological level, is the rise in per capita energy and material consumption which, in the last 40 years, has soared faster than the human population. â€Å"An irresistible economy seems to be on a collision course with an immovable ecosphere.† Based on these facts alone, there is grave reason for concern. Taken further, it is even more frightening to note that, while man has affected the env ironment throughout his stay on earth, the impact has been most intense in the relatively short industrial era. Since the industrial revolution, and over the past century in particular, man’s ecological footprint on the earth has quickly grown from that of a child to one of a giant. True, this period is heralded as an economic success story, which it certainly has been. However, many argue that it seems increasingly likely that the path to man’s success will soon slope downward to his demise. The climate is changing, and so must we. This paper will look at the coin of climate change, where on the one side the human impact on the earth will be shown, and on the other, the impact of earth on man. Such a study is inevitably somewhat polemical, as it is still open to debate what the precise effects of man have and will be on climate change, and also what climate change will mean to man. It will also be quite general in analysis, as a paper of this scope... Free Essays on Climate Change Free Essays on Climate Change Climate Change Over the past years most individuals have become acutely aware that the intensity of human and economic development enjoyed over the 20th century cannot be sustained. Material consumption and ever increasing populations are already stressing the earth’s ecosystems. How much more the earth can take remains a very heated issue. Here a look at the facts sheds some very dark light. In 1950, there were 2.5 billion people, while today there are 5.8 billion. There may well be 10 billion people on earth before the middle of the next century. Even more significant, on an ecological level, is the rise in per capita energy and material consumption which, in the last 40 years, has soared faster than the human population. â€Å"An irresistible economy seems to be on a collision course with an immovable ecosphere.† Based on these facts alone, there is grave reason for concern. Taken further, it is even more frightening to note that, while man has affected the env ironment throughout his stay on earth, the impact has been most intense in the relatively short industrial era. Since the industrial revolution, and over the past century in particular, man’s ecological footprint on the earth has quickly grown from that of a child to one of a giant. True, this period is heralded as an economic success story, which it certainly has been. However, many argue that it seems increasingly likely that the path to man’s success will soon slope downward to his demise. The climate is changing, and so must we. This paper will look at the coin of climate change, where on the one side the human impact on the earth will be shown, and on the other, the impact of earth on man. Such a study is inevitably somewhat polemical, as it is still open to debate what the precise effects of man have and will be on climate change, and also what climate change will mean to man. It will also be quite general in analysis, as a paper of this scope...

Essay Internal Controls in SAP

Essay Internal Controls in SAP Essay: Internal Controls in SAP Credit limit check (static) the credit exposure for the customer may not exceed the set limits for credit. The exposure of Credit is the aggregate value of all the items. Credit limit check (Dynamic) this checks all the value of the document based on the horizon period. To open the order value involves all the undelivered orders. The calculation of the value occurs on the date of shipping, and is kept in a data structure for a specified period of time. To define the credit check, a certain future horizon date is specified: it could be 10 days or two months depending on the specified periods. The credit limit check can be applied at any time within the service to offer information about the customer’s credit status. It can be accessed automatically and manually. The system is designed to check the planned costs without tax. Validity checks are the implementation guide in the individual financial statement data. They are assigned to particular groups. With validity checks, you can check individual statements immediately after input and individual companies can also be checked. The system as an application control detects when something goes wrong. It contains zip codes which it compares to cities and states. It is from this internal control that it obtains the information to detect incorrect entries and this is a validity check. With an active validation check, SAP SNC adapts to the order of work in these cases: when the customer alters the order of purchase to SAP SNC, or the user has saved the work order with altered or current (new) deliveries on the user interface. Batch number invalid- this validation check becomes relevant when the user decides to have the batches tracked and their usage in the work order collaboration. The supplier sends confirmations to SAP SNC through xml messages. You can pay for writing your essay at custom writing service. Just visit our website and fill in the order form!

Critically discuss the arguments for and against the use of fair Essay - 1

Critically discuss the arguments for and against the use of fair values in the preparation and presentation of financial statements. Cite literature to support your answer - Essay Example As the report explores financial statements need to be comparable from one year to the next and between one company and another. However, even though fair values may be said to be current and therefore more comparable, the fact that judgement need to be exercised brings subjectivity into play. In addition to that, those judgements on which investors and other stakeholders depend have their own agenda. In some cases they may exercise their judgement in such a way as to manipulate the accounts. This therefore brings us back to the reliability of the figures in the financial statements. This essay stresses that the arguments against fair value accounting appear to outnumber those in favour. Most of the arguments against essentially relate to the classification of financial instruments the fair value hierarchy. According to Ernest and Young the 2008 amendment of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) requires that the classification of financial instruments be recorded at fair value in a hierarchy consisting of three levels. The first levelrelates to quoted prices that have not been adjusted for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. The second level relates to input prices but excludes quoted prices which are included in the first level and which can be observed directly for assets and liabilities, in the form of prices or in the form of derived prices indirectly. The third level relates to both assets and liabilities that are not based on market data that can be observed.

(Criminal justice) Your Ethical System Assignment

(Criminal justice) Your Ethical System - Assignment Example It is considered morally right when people make choices that conform to what is expected, which in turn leads to the correct consequences. On the other hand, when they make the wrong choice, the consequences are negative, therefore, they are considered acting in an immorally manner. This essay will examine the teleological moral systems in the society as well as how these moral systems help people to make the right choices. The paper will conclude by indicating how the teleological ethical system influences the society. Teleological ethics is a theory of morality that originates its duties or moral obligation from what is deemed in the society as desirable or good as an end to be achieved. The teleological ethical system judges the penalties of the act rather than the act itself. In that, if the action results in what can be considered, as a good consequence, then it must be good as the results justify the reason the act was committed (Pollock, 2012). There are various teleological ethical systems in these theory and they include ethics of virtue, utilitarianism and ethics of care. Consequentialism refers to the impression that the moral value of an action is resolute by the magnitude of its action. The precise consequences are those that are beneficial to humanity as they promote happiness, human satisfaction, human pleasure, and welfare to all humans. The consequences of doing something that is morally right are intrinsically valuable and good; hence, the actions that point to those consequences are ethical while those actions that lead away from happiness are immoral. For example, in the society we live in there are laws that have been imposed to ensure that people act in ways that ensure that they do not infringe on the happiness of other people. Therefore, different teleological moral systems are diverge not only on the exact consequences are, but on how different people poise the numerous possible consequences. In that, few choices are

Wastewater Management Essay Example for Free

Wastewater Management Essay In this age of rising costs and depletion of natural resources due to over use by the ever growing population on our planet, it is absolutely essential that we find ways to recycle and conserve wherever possible. One way of doing this is by managing wastewater. The first step in the process replicates what occurs in nature; the only difference is that it is faster. In this initial step, called primary treatment, water is collected in huge tanks and the solid particles are allowed to settle by force of gravity while the remaining mixture is allowed to run off. This process removes about 60 percent of the suspended particles and is only suitable for irrigation of trees or other non consumable crops in remote areas. The secondary treatment is significantly different from the primary in that it involves the biological removal of the organic materials contained in the wastewater. The most common form is called activated sludge method, where the wastewater is placed in tanks which are aerated with oxygen to encourage the growth of microbes found in the waste. The microbes eat the organic matter and the solids are allowed to settle to the bottom. Trickling method is another option in the secondary treatment method. In this process tanks of coarse material are filled with rocks three to ten feet in depth. The rocks are used as surface area on which bacteria called biomass is allowed to grow. Next, a long arm-like distributor sprays the waste water in the air over the biomass, which feeds on the organic waste and allows the remaining liquid to trickle through the rocks. Here water is collected and then sedimentation is allowed to take place. The final method is known as Lagoons. In this method large ponds are used. Algae grows in the ponds and with the use of sunlight produces oxygen. The oxygen then is used by the microbes in wastewater to breakdown the organic material and the solids then settle at the bottom of the pond. After applying the primary and secondary methods the water then is treated with chlorine or other disinfectants. The tertiary treatment goes beyond what is done in the secondary treatment and can involve chemical, physical or biological processes to further remove contaminants, Tertiary processes include filtration, lagooning, nutrient removal and disinfection. Filtration is a common tertiary treatment method. Water is allowed to pass through sand or activated carbon, which allows the particles in water to stick to the filer material used and water to pass through. In some cases the excessive levels of nitrogen and phosphorous must be removed before releasing the water to the environment. If water is released into the environment without removal of these compounds, they can cause over growth of algae and other water plants which in turn can throw the ecosystem out of balance. Some wastewater treatment plants use one tertiary method others a combination of methods. There are many uses of reclaimed water, for example it can be used for irrigation, power generation, decorative fountains, fire control, aquifer recharge, cooling or other industrial processes. Reclaimed water contains nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen which help fertilize plants. The use of reclaimed water reduces pollution in areas which are sensitive. It cannot be used in swimming pools, or other places where it comes in contact with the body, cooking, drinking, or irrigation of herbs and vegetables. Recent studies show there may be a possible public health effect when using reclaimed water. It has been known for some time that treated wastewater effluent, or reclaimed water, contains pathogens that could be transferred to people through contact and some parasites are not killed by chlorination A water treatment plant in Lake Tahoe, California has been producing drinking quality water from wastewater and astronauts reclaim all their wastewater and use it for drinking. Using wastewater to recharge the water basin and using that for drinking is not an issue provided WHO guidelines for the quality of drinking water are maintained. This means that tertiary wastewater treatments will have to be used before the wastewater can be used to recharge the basin. Since this process is more expensive than secondary treatments, it may not be feasible in the long run.Using secondary wastewater treatments to recharge basins and using that for drinking poses health issues and is not advisable. REFENCES Primary Treatment. (2010). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/476238/primary-treatment An Introduction and Comparison of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Methods. (2003-2010). Conjecture Corporation. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://www. brighthub. com/environment/science-environmental/articles/68537. aspx Using Wastewater as a resource. By Mark Shwartz. Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http://woods. stanford. edu/cgi-bin/index. php. Asano T, Wassermann KL (1980). Groundwater recharge operations in California. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 72(7):380–385. Cotruvo JA (1988). Drinking water standards and risk assessment. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 8:288–299.

education Essay -- essays research papers

Rather than emphasizing on maintaining discipline in a classroom, classroom management would be more appropriate for an effective teacher. Discipline has two significant limitations such that discipline highlights the individual rather than the classroom and secondly it connotes negative behavior (352). Whereas classroom management is broadly defined as â€Å"all of those positive behaviors and decisions a teacher makes to facilitate the learning process of their students† also reiterating all of those â€Å"activities necessary to create and maintain an orderly learning environment† (352). The reason why creating an effective classroom management plan is essential is to create a positive and productive learning environment, be able to work and communicate with the students, â€Å"reduce the incidents of misbehavior† while maintaining student interest, motivation, and involvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone classroom is diverse since not one person is the same. Keeping this concept in mind, it is important to understand that everyone, primarily the students, have different cultural beliefs, values and attitudes. Some students may also come from a single parent home or may have their family going through a divorce. By understanding each student and their various cultural diversities, it will help the effective teacher produce a stronger level of communication with their students and encourage a productive learning environment. It is important to acknowledge each students differences and not ignore their needs outside the academic setting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the focus of creating an effective classroom management plan, it is essential to define rules and implement them so they may be clearly and easily understood. While establishing rules it is important to remember that the goal is â€Å"to establish and maintain an effective learning environment† (361). While developing rules for the classroom, it is best that the list of rules be few yet clear and concise. â€Å"It is also important to involve the students in the development of these rules; this not only facilitates their understanding and ownership but also cultivates their sense of power and self-esteem† (362). The effective teacher will realize that by including students into the decision making process of their own classroom management, they are encouraging a more productive learning environment. ... ...ively enthusiastic in a classroom is important to engage student motivation. This can be implemented by showing interest in the subject matter being discussed and the teacher’s enthusiasm should reflect onto the students’. Organization is important to be developed in the classroom so that the students may carry the organizational skills outside the classroom and through out the rest of their lives. This can be implemented by having the students organize their desks at the end of every week and having a binder/notebook of their work shown to the teacher periodically which is organized according to the rules the teacher has established. Following through the rules is also important for the children because it is necessary that they have a consistent environment. The rules may be positively reinforced but this must be consistently done. It is a teacher’s role to have patience and with that the students will benefit the most. Finally, rules shall be implemented w ith respect, courtesy and listening on both ends of the spectrum. By showing the student that you, the teacher, has these qualities, they will realize that these are crucial in the proper development of a well-rounded student.

Refractive Indices of Water And Turpentine Oil Essay

To find Refractive Indices of Water And Turpentine Oil using a plane mirror, a equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an adjustable object needle APPARATUS: A convex lens, an optical needle, a plane mirror, a clamp stand, a spherometer, a plumb line, metre scale, water and turpentine oil Theroy : Let’s add small amount of water on a flat, plane surface and place a convex lens over it. This forms a plano-concave lens of water between the lower surface of convex lens and plane mirror. Let f 1 and f 2 are the focal lengths of water lens and convex lens respectively, then focal length of the combination is: The focal length of the plano-concave lens is, †¦(i) From Lens Maker’s formula, =( R 1 = R and R 2 = for water lens. The refractive index of water is , †¦(ii) (where ‘R’ is the radius of curvature of the concave surfaces of the plano-concave lens). The Radius of curvature of the lens, is  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(iii) PROCEDURE †¢ For finding the focal length of convex lens: †¢ Measure the rough focal length of the convex lens. †¢ Place the plane mirror with the convex lens placed on it above the horizontal base of a clamp stand horizontally as its tip lies vertically above the optical centre of the lens. Adjust the needle at a height a little more than the rough focal length of the convex lens. †¢ Try to remove the parallax between the tip of the object needle and its image tip. †¢ Note the distance of the tip of the needle from the centre of the upper surface of the lens. Let it be x 1. (Use plumb line). †¢ Remove the convex lens and measure the distance of the tip of the needle from the plane mirror. Let it be x 2 . (Use plumb line). 2 (vi) Repeat and record all the observations. †¢ For finding the focal length of the plano-concave lens: Pour few drops of water over the plane mirror and place the convex lens over it. Repeat steps (ii) to (iv) as done above.Repeat the procedure with turpentine oil also. †¢ For finding ‘l’: Determine the pitch and least count of scale of the spherometer. Place the spherometer on the dried surface of the convex lens. Turn the screw downwards very gently till the tip of the screw just touches the lens. Read and record the reading. Keep the spherometer’s legs on the base of a paper and adjusting the central screw, find the pricks A, B and C of the three legs of the spherometer. Join the centres of the three pricks and measure the lengths with the half-metre scale. Note the values of AB, BC and AC Conclusion Pitch of the spherometer= 1 cm Least count of the spherometer = 0.01 cm Distance between the legs: †¢ AB = 3 cm †¢ BC = 3 cm CA = 3 cm S.No Initial reading of the C.S. on the convex lens (a) No. of complete rotations (n) Final reading of the c.s on the glass slab Additional C.S div. moved h=n x pitch + m x L.C Mean â€Å"h† 1 62 0 6.5 55.5 0.555 0.5775 2 64 0 4 60 0.6 Aim is to find the refractive index of a) water, b) coconut oil using a plane mirror, and an equiconvex lens made of glass and an adjustable object needle. The theory behind liquid lens is based on the properties of one or more liquids to create magnifications within a small amount of space.The focus of a liquid lens is controlled by the surface of the liquid .Water normally forms a bubble shape when adhered to materials such as glass.This desirable property makes water a very suitable candidate for the production of liquid lens.Essentially the liquid must be transparent so as to study its effects. To generate a liquid lens , a liquid is sandwiched between two pieces of a clear plastic or a glass. Oil (necessarily transparent) can also be chosen to be used as a fluid in a liquid lens system. The surface profiles of the liquid determines the focal length of liquid lens system and how the liquid lens focusses light rays. Theory: In optics, refractive index or index of refraction ‘n’ of a substance (optical medium) is a dimensionless number that describes how light or any radiation propagates through that medium.It is defined as n = c/v where’ c’ is the speed of light in vaccum and ‘v’ is the speed of light in a substance. Eg : ‘n’ of water is 1.33, which means, light travels 1.33 times as fast in vaccum as it does in water. The historically first occurance of refractive index was in Snell’s law of refraction. ie are the angles of incidence of the ray crossing the interface between 2 medias with refractive indeces n_1 and n_2. In this project, we shall make use of the property of liquid lens to find the refractive index of water and coconut oil. Requirements A convex lens, plane mirror, water, coconut oil, an optical needle, an iron stand with base and clamp arrangement, a meter scale etc†¦. Procedure : †¢ Finding the focal length of convex lens:- †¢ Place the plane mirror with the convex lens placed on it above the horizontal base of a clamp stand horizontally as its tip lies vertically above the optic centre of the lens. Adjust the needle at a height a little more than the rough focal length of the convex lens. †¢ Bring the tip of the needle, at the vertical principal axis of the lens, so that the tip of the needle appears touching the tip of its image. †¢ Move the needle up and down to remove the parallax between tips of needle and its image. †¢ Measure the distance between tip of the needle and upper surface of the lens by using a meter scale. Let it be (x1 ). †¢ Again measure the distance between tip and upper surface of the plane mirror. Let it be x2 †¢ Finding the focal length of the combination: †¢ Take a few drops of the given transparent liquid and place it on the surface of plane mirror. The convex lens is placed over it as before. (A plano concave lens is formed between plane mirror and convex lens). †¢ Repeat the steps (ii) to (v) †¢ Record the observations. †¢ To find the radius of curvature of the liquid lens. (R of convex lens surface in contact). The convex lens is turned towards a source such that, the required surface is away from the source the distance is to adjusted that the image is, formed on the side of the source. The distance ‘d’ between the source and the lens is measured. The radius of curvature ‘R’ of the lens is given by Finally the refractive index of liquid lens is given by. n = 1+ R/f2 Result : The observations of the experiment is tabulated as follows Precautions †¢ The parallax must be removed tip to tip properly. †¢ The lens and plane mirror should be cleaned thouroughly. †¢ The liquid taken should be essentially transparent. Only few drops of liquid should be taken so that the liquid lens layer is not thick Sources of error : †¢ Liquid may not be quite transparent †¢ The parallax any not be fully removed †¢ The needle may not be properly horizontal The distance x1 and x2 may not be essentially clean The experiment described in this project is an effective and simple method of measuring the refractive index of any liquid (transparent) using a convex lens and plane mirror. If we keep the mirror behind a lens and put an object at the focus point of the lens above it, the image of the object will form at the same focus point where the object is. If it is an extended object, its image will be inverted and the size of image is same as that of the object. This property has enabled the efficient use of liquid lens to find the refractive index of a fluid by this method. If a liquid is sandwiched between the lens and the mirror, the focal length of liquid lens can be calculated knowing the focal length of the combination and that of the convex lens, from which the refractive index of the fluid can easily be estimated.

Alcohol addiction in families is the main cause of family breakups

Alcohol has in the recent past become one of the major leading drug killers in most past of the world.   Alcohol addiction refers to cases where a person feels a compulsive need to take alcohol to help his or her body system to perform its normal tasks.A person is said to be addicted to alcohol when he or she cannot contain or limit alcohol drinking and any such attempts leads to withdrawal symptoms such as shakiness, anxiety and nausea.In the past, only â€Å"hard† drugs like cocaine, mandrax and heroine were thought to be hazardous to the health of an individual. However in the recent past, tobacco, caffeine and alcohol have also been categorized as drugs. These are usually used by many individuals around the world thus meaning that most of the people in the world are exposed to drugs regularly.However, these drugs are used in moderation by a majority of these people thus reducing any forms of negative effects which arises from drug abuse. Alcohol is very addictive and a m ajor cause of different health hazards to an individual. Alcohol addiction has also been attributed as a leading cause of family breakups and divorce especially in the western countries. Family addiction to alcohol especially by the parents has dire consequences on marriage as well as the children (Dunlap, para 4).Hypothesis: Alcohol addiction in families is the main cause of family breakups, divorce and poor academic performance of children as well as drug abuse by young adults and also a leading killer in the United States as well as other parts of the world.Alcohol addiction in families and its effectsIn America for example, alcohol has been ranked the third cause of deaths with more than 100,000 people dying from alcohol related complications. It also costs the region about $ 150 billion annually which is lost through treatment of alcohol related complications, lost productivity, accidents and crime. It has also been the leading cause of the rising divorce cases in America as we ll as domestic violence.It is estimated that more than 14 million Americans struggle with drinking problem with about 8 million of these people being addicted to alcohol. While in the past alcohol was only being taken by men, this trend have changed with more women are becoming alcoholics. Alcohol is one of the most addictive drugs which have the potential of producing long term effects which could be devastating and terminal (Goodwin, pp 56).  In the recent past, the rate of alcohol related cases of divorce have increased in most parts of the world. However, since most of the addicts of alcohol start out as responsible drinkers, it has been hard to know when a person begins to be addicted to alcohol until it is sometimes too late. Alcohol addiction has been of rate among the top ten causes of divorce alongside infidelity and domestic violence.Alcoholism and alcohol addiction is one of the most cited reasons while filing for divorce cases in the United States as well as other coun tries around the world. Spouses who have lived long enough with alcohol addicts find it hard to continue supporting them especially due to the addictive nature of alcohol and the subsequent withdrawal symptoms which follow in attempts to stop alcohol consumption (Brian, para 4).Another effect of family alcohol addiction is that it leads to loss of livelihood of the addicted individual which usually leads to adverse effects on the family especially if the addicted person is the breadwinner. Usually, people who become addicted to alcohol find it difficult to live without it and in turn end up drinking even when working.Alcohol has been known to be a brain damager and excess consumption of the same lowers productivity of an individual hence job loss. Most of the parents who become addicted to alcohol end up losing their jobs which is devastating to the family and more so the children who lack basic necessities. Even after job loss, an addicted person continues to drink for the simple r eason that he or she cannot live without alcohol which only adds to the misery and disintegration of families.Also, the frustration and shame which comes with being unable to support a family drives a person to chronic consumption of alcohol which may lead to health complications or even at times death. This has far reaching psychological effects to the dependants of such a person. Also, a person who is addicted to alcohol becomes dependent on other family members thus increasing the family burden (Cleveland Clinic, para 2-3).Children who are reared by alcohol addicted parents are also not spared as they tend to engage in drug abuse or criminal activities to fill the void of their parents or guardians. Researches have revealed that most of the children in the rehabilitation centers have had a parent who engaged in and was addicted to alcohol.This is especially the case when both of the parents are addicted to alcohol. In such situations, children only find consolation in drug abuse as the parents are unavailable for them. With an attempt to escape the reality, children may also turn to alcohol or even other hard drugs like cocaine or heroine. The lives of such children end up being ruined just because of their parents’ addiction to alcoholism (Brian, para 6).Family addiction to alcohol is also a major contribution toward academic failure of many children. Alcohol addiction mostly of parents and other close family members affects the psychological development of an individual as well as the concentration capability.Alcohol addicts at times tend to be violent and unruly towards their family members including the children. This is in turn reflected in the academic performance of such children which is usually below the standard. Also, the social life of the children is negatively impacted by alcohol addiction in families.Children who hail from families with some members who are addicted to alcohol tend to be anti social and uncooperative. Psychologist argu e that this scenario is caused by the shame and frustration such children are put through by their alcohol addicted parents or siblings. They thus fear to associate as they feel that the other people may disown them or even discriminate them (Segal, Gerdes & Steiner, pp 235).Family alcohol addiction has been identified as a leading factor to domestic violence and other domestic related crimes like murder. Due to anger and frustration that most alcohol addicts go through especially after a divorce or loss of job, they tend to be aggressive and violent towards the other family members as a means of vetting out their frustrations. Most alcohol addicts also tend to live in denial and they blame their partners or at times the children for their failures.Most alcohol addicts also blame the family members as being the cause of their drinking habits. As they vet out their anger, they tend to be violent and may even commit murder leading to their subsequent incarceration. This leads to doubl e tragedy especially where parents either both or one are victims of alcohol addiction. Alcohol addiction is very costly to the family members as well as friends.In a recent study which was carried out in the United States, it showed that one child out to four children and this is approximately 28.6% is exposed to family alcohol dependence or alcohol abuse. There are many documented cases which correlate alcohol addiction and interpersonal violence (Adams, para 4).

Poinsettia pH Paper - Holiday Chemistry Project

Poinsettia pH Paper - Holiday Chemistry Project Many plants contain pigments that are responsive to changes in acidity. An example is the poinsettia plant, which has colored flowers (really specialized leaves called bracts). Although poinsettias are perennials in warmer climates, most people are likely to see them used as a decorative houseplant over the winter holidays. You can extract the red pigment from deeply colored poinsettias and use it to make your own pH paper strips to test whether a liquid is an acid or a base. Poinsettia pH Paper Materials Poinsettia flowersBeaker or cupHot plate or boiling waterScissors or a blenderFilter paper or coffee filters0.1 M HClVinegar (dilute acetic acid)Baking soda solution (2 g / 200 mL water)0.1 M NaOH Procedure Cut flower petals into strips or chop them in a blender. Place the cut pieces into a beaker or cup.Add just enough water to cover the plant material. Simmer until the color is removed from the plant. (Personally, I would just microwave the chopped bracts with a little water for about a minute and allow the mixture to steep, like a tea.)Filter the liquid into another container, such as a petri dish. Discard the plant matter.Saturate clean filter paper with the poinsettia solution. Allow the filter paper to dry. You can cut the colored paper with scissors to make pH test strips.Use a dropper or toothpick to apply a little liquid to a test strip. The color range for acids and bases will depend on the particular plant. If you like, you can construct a chart of pH and colors using liquids with a known pH so that you can then test unknowns. Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), vinegar, and lemon juice. Examples of bases include sodium or potassium hydroxide (NaOH or KOH) and baking soda solution. Another way to use your pH paper is as a color-change paper. You can draw on pH paper using a toothpick or cotton swab that has been dipped in an acid or base. The instructions for the poinsettia pH paper project are also available in French.

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Quotes

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Quotes Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis  (full name Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis and often called Jackie Kennedy when she was First Lady) brought a youthful elegance to the White House during her tenure there. Briefly a photographer before her marriage to John F. Kennedy, and an editor after she was widowed for the second time when Aristotle Onassis died, she was mother to John F. Kennedy, Jr., and Caroline Kennedy (Schlossberg). Onassis was born in 1929 to the wealthy Bouvier family. She studied French literature at George Washington University before starting her photography career. Like many women, she left her career behind to marry her first husband, John F. Kennedy, and became one of the most iconic First Ladies during his presidency. She remarried in 1968, five years after Kennedys assassination, and remained married to shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis until his 1975 death. After her second husbands death, she returned to her professional career, becoming a book editor, first at Viking Press, then at Doubleday. She also advocated for historic preservation and was lightly involved in Democratic politics in her later years. Throughout her life, she was looked upon as a style icon, and still is to this day. In 1994, she died aged 64 of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Quotes About Marriage and Family If you bungle raising your children, I dont think whatever else you do well matters very much. There are many little ways to enlarge your childs world. Love of books is the best of all. Ill be a wife and mother first, then First Lady. What is sad for women of my generation is that they werent supposed to work if they had families. What were they going to do when the children are grown - watch the raindrops coming down the window pane? The one thing I do not want to be called is First Lady. It sounds like a saddle horse. Can anyone understand how it is to have lived in the White House and then, suddenly, to be living alone as the Presidents widow? (1974, in McCalls) Now, I think that I should have known that [Kennedy] was magic all along. I did know it - but I should have guessed that it would be too much to ask to grow old with and see our children grow up together. So now, he is a legend when he would have preferred to be a man. I dont think there are any men who are faithful to their wives. The first time you marry for love, the second for money, and the third for companionship. I think the best thing I can do is to be a distraction. A husband lives and breathes his work all day long. If he comes home to more table thumping, how can the poor man ever relax? Quotes About Career An Editor becomes kind of your mother. You expect love and encouragement from an Editor. (while Editor at Doubleday) Being a reporter seems a ticket out to the world. When Harvard men say they have graduated from Radcliffe, then weve made it. I always wanted to be some kind of writer or newspaper reporter. But after college... I did other things. Quotes About Life Even though people may be well known, they hold in their hearts the emotions of a simple person for the moments that are the most important of those we know on earth: birth, marriage and death. I want to live my life, not record it. There are two kinds of women: those who want power in the world, and those who want power in bed. Being away from home gave me the chance to look at myself with a jaundiced eye. I learned not to be ashamed of a real hunger for knowledge, something I had always tried to hide, and I came home glad to start in here again with a love for Europe that I am afraid will never leave me.

The Worldliness of English in Saudi Arabia Dissertation

The Worldliness of English in Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example Researchers who look at the spread of English as mere linguistic imperialism question the enterprise of learning and teaching of the English language. This is because, from their viewpoint, it has the cultural integrity of the non-native speaker compromised. In order for a language instructor to come into terms with the imposition of English language learning culturally is to utilize the practices of ELT that define and position English as an international language (EIL). In my point of view, the alternative perpetuates the negative impact that learning a foreign language can pose to the cultural integrity of the learner. Linguistic imperialism is a concept of linguistics involving a transfer, to other people, of a dominant language. This transfer is often associated with power demonstration. This could be military power or even economic power. Dominant cultures are often transferred together with the language. According to Brutt-Griffler (2002), the theory of linguistic imperialism has magnetized much attention among applied linguistic scholars. This has resulted in much debate especially on the shortcomings and merits of the theory. Brutt-Griffler stated linguistic imperialism denunciations to the analyses of English as the language of world domination and world capitalism. Generally, linguistic imperialism is usually viewed in the perspective of cultural imperialism.